Kajian Pengolahan Air Asam Tambang Industri Pertambangan Batu Bara dengan Constructed Wetland
Submission Date: 2023-02-03 14:43:46
Accepted Date: 2023-05-19 11:29:21
Abstract
Air asam tambang adalah limpasan air yang terbentuk dari proses oksidasi mineral sulfida yang terekspos dengan udara di atmosfer dan bercampur dengan air. Air asam tambang dapat berasal dari proses penambangan terbuka, pengelolaan batuan buangan, penimbunan batuan dan pengelolaan limbah tailing. Pencemaran air asam tambang di badan air penerima terjadi karena pengolahan air asam tambang yang kurang tepat. Permasalahan pencemaran air asam tambang dapat menimbulkan masalah lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat. Contoh kasus pencemaran air asam tambang di badan air yaitu pencemaran air asam tambang dari industri pertambangan batu bara yang terjadi di Sungai Palakan, Kalimantan Timur yang telah berlangsung lebih dari dua dekade. Pengolahan eksisiting yang diterapkan yaitu pengendapan TSS pada settling pond industri tambang batu bara. Pengolahan lanjutan yang direkomendasikan setelah melalui unit settling pond yaitu constructed wetland. Constructed wetland memanfaatkan simbiosis yang berlangsung secara alami antara tumbuhan air dengan mikroorganisme pada media di sekitar sistem perakaran (rhizosfer). Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah menganalisis penerapan metode constructed wetland untuk mengolah air asam tambang sehingga kualitasnya memenuhi baku mutu saat dilepas ke badan air penerima. Debit air asam tambang yang diolah yaitu 0,84 m3/detik yang diolah pada CW berukuran 8,04 ha. Tumbuhan yang dipilih adalah eceng gondok dengan tipe tumbuhan single plant dan tipe kolam sub-surface flow arah aliran horizontal. Kebutuhan tumbuhan eceng gondok yaitu sejumlah 322.160 tumbuhan yang ditanam pada 4 kompartemen berbeda. Kualitas efluen air asam tambang setelah diolah dengan constructed wetland memenuhi baku mutu dan aman untuk dilepas ke badan air penerima.
Keywords
Constructed Wetland; Fitotreatment; Pencemaran Air; Pengolahan Air Asam Tambang; Tumbuhan Hiperakumulator
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