Identifikasi Karakteristik Resiliensi Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Heritage Tourism (Studi Kasus: Perkampungan Kelurahan Peneleh Kota Surabaya)
Submission Date: 2023-08-03 09:55:57
Accepted Date: 2025-04-24 08:31:52
Abstract
Surabaya banyak menyimpan bukti peninggalan sejarah termasuk di Kelurahan Peneleh yang ditetapkan sebagai kawasan cagar budaya hingga menjadi destinasi wisata kampung sejarah. Berbagai situs sejarah tersebar seperti: Langgar Dukur Kayu, Pesarean Mbah Pitono, Terakota, Rumah Puing, Rumah Jengki, Rumah Kayu, Sumur Majapahit Rumah Ir. Soekarno, Langgar Kuno, Museum HOS Tjokroaminoto, Masjid Jami’ Peneleh, kompleks pemakaman De Begraafplaats; dan makam-makam kuno. Kunjungan wisatawan Museum HOS Tjokroaminoto di Peneleh terus meningkat setiap tahunnya hingga hingga tahun 2019 mencapai 9.600 pengunjung. Namun fenomena pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan penurunan signifikan jumlah wisatawan sebesar 72,29% pada tahun 2020 (2.600 pengunjung). Fenomena ini sangat berdampak bagi penurunan ekonomi masyarakat lokal. Permasalahan lain ditemukan seperti rendahnya partisipasi dan lemahnya kelembagaan masyarakat. Dalam menjaga eksistensi Peneleh sebagai kawasan wisata sejarah, perlu diketahui karakteristik masyarakat kaitannya dengan upaya pengembangan wisata Peneleh yang telah dilakukan. Konsep community resilience dipilih untuk mengidentifikasi resiliensi masyarakat dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian menggunakan content analysis dengan unit analisis kalimat pernyataan dari hasil in-depth interview berbagai informan seperti (kelompok sadar wisata, komunitas pecinta sejarah, dan tokoh masyarakat). Hasil karakteristik resiliensi masyarakat menunjukkan upaya mereka dalam mempertahankan, beradaptasi, pulih dan mengembangkan empat komponen pariwisata (attraction, accessibility, amenity, ancellary services). Adanya modernisasi dan pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan kegiatan masyarakat terindikasi kurang mendukung upaya resiliensi. Masyarakat tidak lagi mempertahankan atraksi event sejarah dan budaya serta belum menyesuaikan fasilitas pendukung pariwisata yang harusnya dapat mendatangkan manfaat ekonomi.
Keywords
Heritage Tourism; Karakteristik Resiliensi; Masyarakat; Peneleh; Pengembangan Pariwisata
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