Karakterisasi Proses Gasifikasi Biomassa Tempurung Kelapa Sistem Downdraft Kontinyu dengan Variasi Perbandingan Udara-Bahan Bakar (AFR) dan Ukuran Biomassa
Submission Date: 2012-08-01 11:19:55
Accepted Date: 2012-09-11 00:00:00
Abstract
Biomassa tempurung kelapa adalah salah satu bahan baku energi alternatif dengan jumlah melimpah. Pemakaian tempurung kelapa dapat meningkatkan nilai guna material yang sudah menjadi limbah atau produk samping. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor gasifikasi downdraft di Research Centre ITS, dimulai dengan melakukan pengujian terhadap propertis tempurung kelapa secara proximate dan ultimate. Kemudian dilanjutkan proses gasifikasi dengan pasokan biomassa secara kontinyu setiap 10 menit sebesar 0,45 kg, 0,48 kg, 0,5 kg dan 0,52 kg selama 120 menit dengan ukuran biomassa (0,8-12,6) cm² dan (12,7-50,3) cm². Penelitian dilakukan dengan 4 variasi kecepatan suplai udara sebesar 3,57 m/s, 4,37 m/s, 5,05 m/s dan 5,64 m/s dengan pengaturan dimmer pada blower. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai kalor bawah, komposisi syn-gas dan nyala api terbaik pada AFR 0,88 dan ukuran tempurung kelapa (0,8-12,6) cm². Besarnya nilai kalor bawah adalah 4718,33 kJ/mᶟ, komposisi syn-gas 39,273% dari volume total serta nyala api yang dihasilkan berwarna biru. Sedangkan efisiensi gasifikasi terbaik terjadi pada AFR 1,17 untuk ukuran tempurung kelapa (0,8-12,6) cm² sebesar 52,030 %.
Keywords
biomassa tempurung kelapa, energi alternatif, gasifikasi downdraft, sistem kontinyu.
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