Proses Pembuatan Asam Sitrat dari Molasses dengan Metode Submerged Fermentation
Submission Date: 2019-07-27 12:00:10
Accepted Date: 2020-01-28 00:00:00
Abstract
Asam sitrat merupakan salah satu bahan tambahan makanan minuman yang paling sering digunakan para produsen, karena mudah didapatkan dan keamanannya bagi kesehatan. Namun kebutuhan para produsen terhadap asam sitrat tersebut belum dapat tercukupi sepenuhnya, sehingga dibutuhkan proses pembuatan Asam Sitrat yang baru untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Dari beberapa pertimbangan dapat disimpulkan bahwa lokasi proses pembuatan Asam Sitrat ini akan dibangun di Kota Mojokerto, tepatnya di Kawasan Industri Ngoro. Asam sitrat sendiri dapat dibuat menggunakan beberapa proses, yaitu Submerged fermentation dan Surface fermentation. Setelah membandingkan kedua proses tersebut maka dipilih proses submerged fermentation untuk produksi asam sitrat karena lahan yang dibutuhkan lebih sedikit, proses fermentasi selama 1-4 hari, pH nya rendah, produksinya tinggi, serta kemurnian produknya tinggi. Secara umum, proses pembuatan asam sitrat memiliki 3 tahapan utama. Pada proses pre-treatment, jamur Aspergillus niger dipersiapkan terlebih dahulu dan dilakukan pengolahan awal pada molasses seperti penghilangan impurities dan pengenceran dimana molasses merupakan bahan baku utama pada proses pembuatan asam sitrat ini. Pada tahapan proses fermentasi, dilakukan proses fermentasi dimana jamur Aspergillus niger mampu menghasilkan asam sitrat dengan yield yang cukup tinggi dan pada tahapan packaging, asam sitrat dimurnikan semaksimal mungkin, baik dengan proses evaporasi, drying dan kristalisasi, yang kemudian dilakukan proses packaging. Dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 57.337,33 ton/tahun dan tenaga kerja sebanyak 269 orang, dibutuhkan bahan baku molasses sebanyak 16.000 kg/jam. Proses pembuatan asam sitrat ini memiliki modal yang berasal dari 40% modal sendiri dan 60% modal pinjaman dengan bunga sebesar 9,75% per tahun dan laju inflasi sebesar 3,28%. Dari hasil analisa ekonomi, didapatkan total modal investasi sebesar Rp.643.732.628.147, IRR sebesar 37,63%, POT 4,45 tahun dan Break Even Point (BEP) 30,30 %.
Keywords
Asam Sitrat; Aspergillus Niger; Fermentasi; Molasses; Submerged Fermentation
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