Pencemaran Meso- dan Mikroplastik di Kali Surabaya pada Segmen Driyorejo hingga Karang Pilang
Submission Date: 2019-07-27 14:30:16
Accepted Date: 2020-01-30 09:28:34
Abstract
Kali Surabaya memegang peranan penting sebagai sumber air baku air minum. Namun Kali Surabaya mengalami penurunan kualitas, akibat pembuangan sampah ke sungai. Jenis sampah yang paling sering ditemukan adalah plastik. Partikel plastik dari jenis meso dan mikroplastik memiliki dampak negatif bagi ekosistem sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kelimpahan meso- dan mikroplastik di Kali Surabaya pada segmen Driyorejo hingga Karang Pilang, serta menentukan dan mengkaji distribusinya. Sampling dilakukan secara grab pada tiga kedalaman sungai (atas, tengah, dasar) dari tiga titik menurut lebar sungai (sisi kanan, tengah, dan kiri). Sampling dilakukan dengan dua kali pengulangan. Pengambilan sampel pada permukaan menggunakan manta trawl dan pada setengah kedalaman serta dasar kedalaman menggunakan modified trawl. Pengambilan sampel air untuk pengukuran parameter suhu, pH, berat jenis air menggunakan Van Dorn sampler, dan pengukuran kecepatan arus menggunakan current meter. Ekstraksi meso- dan mikroplastik dilakukan menggunakan hidrogen peroksida dan larutan NaCl. Kemudian meso- dan mikroplastik diamati dan disortasi menggunakan stereomicroscope. Kelimpahan tertinggi mesoplastik berada di permukaan sungai pada titik Driyorejo (1,22 partikel/m3). Adapun, kelimpahan tertinggi mikroplastik berada di permukaan sungai pada titik Driyorejo (13,33 partikel/m3). Distribusi longitudinal mesoplastik dan mikroplastik pada tiga titik sampling menunjukkan perubahan yang cukup signifikan. Dari titik Driyorejo ke titik Bambe kelimpahan mikroplastik menurun, sedangkan dari titik Bambe ke titik Karang Pilang terjadi peningkatan. Kelimpahan mesoplastik pada tiga titik cenderung menurun dari permukaan hingga dasar. Sedangkan distribusi vertikal mikroplastik berfluktuasi: menurun dari permukaan hingga ke setengah kedalaman, kemudian meningkat di bagian dasar sungai.
Keywords
Distribusi; Kali Surabaya; Manta Trawl; Mesoplastik; Mikroplastik
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