Pengaruh Ukuran Arang Aktif Ampas Tebu sebagai Biomaterial Pretreatment terhadap Karakteristik Biodiesel Minyak Jelantah
Submission Date: 2013-08-22 14:07:46
Accepted Date: 2013-08-23 10:54:14
Abstract
Biodiesel merupakan salah satu solusi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi yang saat ini semakin terbatas jumlahnya. Dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar fosil, biodiesel lebih ramah lingkungan, dapat diperbaharui karena berasal dari minyak nabati, serta memiliki titik nyala yang tinggi sehingga aman dari bahaya kebakaran. Proses pembuatan biodiesel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara transesterifikasi yakni dengan mencampurkan minyak jelantah dengan methanol serta KOH sebagai katalisnya. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas biodiesel, untuk menurunkan kandungan Free Fatty Acid (FFA) pada minyak jelantah dengan menambahkan arang aktif ampas tebu sebagai biomaterial yang mampu menyerap FFA pada minyak jelantah. Aktivasi arang aktif ampas tebu dilakukan secara kimia dengan aktivator H3PO4 12,5 % serta aktivasi fisika dengan pemanasan 800oC selama 2 jam. Variasi ukuran arang aktif yang digunakan adalah 100 mesh (149 µm), 200 mesh (74µm), 325 mesh (44µm), dan 400 mesh (37µm). Pretreatment tersebut telah menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan FFA minyak jelantah. Hasil pengukuran FFA menunjukkan bahwa pretreatment dengan ukuran arang aktif 325 mesh cukup efektif menurunkan nilai FFA sebesar 0,03% dari FFA semula 0,1%. Densitas, titik nyala, titik kabut, dan titik tuang biodiesel yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar SNI yaitu 862-870 kg/m3 untuk densitas, titik nyala > 171oC, titik kabut 15 oC, dan titik tuang 10,7 oC, sedangkan viskositas yang diperoleh belum memenuhi standar dengan nilai di atas 7,665 cSt.
Keywords
Arang aktif ampas tebu, pretreatment, karakteristik biodiesel minyak jelantah
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