Analisis Perubahan Distribusi Urban Heat Island (UHI) di Kota Surabaya Menggunakan Citra Satelit Landsat Multitemporal
Submission Date: 2020-08-12 11:13:50
Accepted Date: 2021-01-25 18:56:41
Abstract
Surabaya merupakan kota terbesar kedua di Indonesia setelah Jakarta, dimana jumlah penduduk kota Surabaya setiap tahunnya selalu mengalami kenaikan. Peningkatan populasi penduduk di wilayah perkotaan dapat mengubah pola ruang kawasan perkotaan. Pengunaan lahan akan bergeser dari keperluan pertanian menjadi keperluan tempat tinggal, kawasan bisini/industri dan aktivitas lainnya. Perubahan tutupan lahan ini akan berdampak pada kondisi iklim dan cuaca di kawasan perkotaan sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI). Pemantauan fenomena ini diperlukan di perkotaan yang mengalami perkembangan pesat, termasuk di Kota Surabaya. Pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis perubahan distribusi Urban Heat Island (UHI) di Kota Surabaya pada tahun 2002, 2014, dan 2019 menggunakan Citra Landsat 7 (ETM+) dan Citra Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS). Langkah awal yang dilakukan berupa perhitungan Land Surface Temperature (LST) dengan metode Single-Channel Algorithm, kemudian dilakukan analisis distribusi UHI dengan metode Ambang Batas dan Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*). Hasilnya didapatkan nilai suhu permukaan rata-rata Kota Surabaya untuk tahun 2002, 2014, dan 2019 secara berurutan sebesar 29,094°C; 26,889°C; dan 27,130°C. Uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment dilakukan antara LST dengan suhu lapangan, diperoleh hasi koefisien korelasi (Rxy) sebesar 0,449. Terakhir, dari peta distribusi UHI metode Ambang Batas, luas area yang terdampak UHI selalu mengalami penurunan dari tahun 2002 ke 2014, dan 2014 ke 2019 dengan luas penurunan masing-masing sebesar 0,760 km2 dan 7,995 km2. Hal yang sama juga terjadi untuk metode Hot Spot Analysis, dengan luas penurunan pada tahun 2002 ke 2014, dan 2014 ke 2019 sebesar 2,027 km2 dan 31,168 km2.
Keywords
Ambang Batas; Hot Spot Analysis; Land Surface Temperature; Single Chanel Algorithm; Urban Heat Island.
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