Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Batubara Pada Swirling Fluidized Bed Dryer Terhadap Karakteristik Pengeringan Batubara
Submission Date: 2014-02-15 11:39:54
Accepted Date: 2014-03-15 00:00:00
Abstract
Desain suatu PLTU salah satunya dibuat berdasarkan kualitas batubara yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan bakar. Pada PLTU batubara dibakar didalam boiler, didalam boiler terdapat pulverizer yang berfungsi untuk menghaluskan batubara dan menambah pasokan batubara kedalam boiler jika batubara didalam boiler memiliki nilai heating value rendah. Dengan menggunakan batubara dengan kualitas rendah maka suplai batubara yang dibutuhkan untuk memanaskan boiler akan semakin banyak, hal ini bisa mengakibatkan kerja dari pulverizer akan semakin berat. Indonesia sendiri merupakan salah satu negara penghasil batubara terbersa didunia. Namun hampir 80% batubara yang dihasilkan tergolong batubara rendah dan sedang [1] . Untuk meningkatkan nilai kalor batubara perlu dilakukan pengeringan untuk mengurangi kadar air dalam batubara. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan mengeringkan batubara didalam chamber dengan temperature udara 550C, sudut blade 200 dan massa pengeringan sebanyak 600gram, variasi ukuran partikel batubara 5mm, 10mm, 15mm. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menimbang berat batubara setiap satu menit sebanyak 5 kali , dua menit sebanyak 3 kali, dan lima menit sebanyak 4 kali. Data yang diperoleh berupa relative humidity udara, temperature udara, berat sampel basah dan berat sampel kering. Pengambilan data berat sampel kering dilakukan berdasarkan standart ASTM D5142 dengan pengeringan pada temperatur 1050C selama 3 jam. Dari hasil eksperimen didapat bahwa proses pelepasan massa uap air paling banyak terjadi pada lima menit pertama yang ditandai dengan penurunan moisture content paling besar. Pada partikel batubara ukuran 5mm,10mm,15mm didapat moisture content terendah berturut-turut sebesar 6,48 %, 7,66 %, 7,47 %. Untuk laju pengeringan didapat nilai terendah berturut-turut sebesar 0,062 gram/menit, 0,104 gram/menit, 0,023 gram/menit, sedangkan selisih humidity ratio ( ɷ2-ɷ1 ) didapat nilai terendah berturut turut sebesar 0,0072gram/kg dry air, 0,0713 gram/kg dry air, 0,1372 gram/kgdry air.
Keywords
fluidisasi; kalori; swirling
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