Pra Desain Pabrik Dimetil Eter (DME) dari Gas Alam Menggunakan Metode Indirect Process
Submission Date: 2021-03-11 21:00:03
Accepted Date: 2021-08-31 08:04:12
Abstract
Tingginya kebutuhan energi dan pentingnya pengembangan bahan bakar alternatif menjadi latar belakang utama pendirian industri DME ini. Didukung dengan ketersediaan bahan baku gas alam di Indonesia yang cukup untuk memproduksi DME sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Dengan kondisi demikian maka industri DME di Indonesia memiliki prospek positif kedepannya. Bahan baku utama dalam proses pembuatan DME yaitu gas alam yang memiliki komposisi sebesar 80,27% hidrokarbon, 19,39% CO2, dan sisanya N2. Adapun bahan baku tambahan berupa steam, oksigen, dan recycle CO2 yang merupakan byproduct dari tiap proses. Kapasitas produksi DME direncanakan sebesar 210.000 ton/tahun. Perencanaan ini berdasarkan rencana pemerintah, jumlah produksi, konsumsi, ekspor, dan impor LPG yang diproyeksikan pada tahun 2024. Dalam pemenuhan kapasitas tahunan, pabrik akan beroperasi kontinyu 24 jam per hari selama 330 hari. Untuk memproduksi DME tersebut diperlukan bahan baku gas alam sebesar 746.111 ton/tahun. Proses pembuatan DME menggunakan indirect process dapat diuraikan menjadi beberapa tahapan proses, yaitu proses primary reforming, secondary reforming, methanol synthesis, methanol purification, DME synthesis, dan DME purification. Dari perhitungan analisa ekonomi, dengan harga jual DME sebesar $550 per ton. Adapun diperoleh Internal Rate Return (IRR) sebesar 17,10%. Dengan IRR tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa pabrik layak untuk didirikan dengan suku bunga 9,75% dan waktu pengembalian modal (pay out period) selama 5,9 tahun. Perhitungan analisa ekonomi didasarkan pada discounted cash flow. Modal untuk pendirian pabrik menggunakan rasio 30% modal sendiri dan 70% modal pinjaman. Modal total yang dibutuhkan untuk mendirikan pabrik adalah sebesar Rp1.734.605.045.072. Sedangkan Break Event Point (BEP) yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 42,39%.
Keywords
DME; Gas Alam; Indirect Process; LPG.
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