Kajian Dampak Pencemar Logam pada Udara Ambien terhadap Kejadian Penyakit ISPA Pneumonia dan Non-Pneumonia di Sekitar Waru, Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur
Submission Date: 2021-08-10 19:30:32
Accepted Date: 2021-12-22 17:26:42
Abstract
Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) khusunya pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyakit yang dianggap serius di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2019 wilayah Sidoarjo mengalami peningkatan kasus pneumonia sebesar 128,35%. Hasil penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 15 unsur logam pada partikel halus (PM 2.5) dan kasar (PM 2.5-10) yaitu Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, dan Cl di Kawasan Industri Waru, Sidoarjo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji korelasi antara unsur logam pada udara ambien dengan kejadian penyakit ISPA. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan uji korelasi, uji multikolinearitas, dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi, ada 4 logam yang berkorelasi dengan penyakit pneumonia, yaitu: Al, Si, Ca, Ti, dan Fe dan tidak ada logam yang berkorelasi terhadap ISPA non-pneumonia. Setelah dilakukan analisis regresi linear berganda ditemukan bahwa kandungan Si pada udara sebesar 1 mikrogram/m3 akan menurunkan risiko terjadinya kasus Pneumonia sebesar 0.2%. Sementara itu arah dan kecepatan angin tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan dalam terjadinya penyakit ISPA.
Keywords
ISPA; Logam; Non-Pneumonia; Pneumonia; PM 2.5
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