Pra Desain Pabrik Metanol dari Batubara Kelas Rendah
Submission Date: 2021-08-18 21:43:33
Accepted Date: 2021-12-22 17:02:34
Abstract
Ketersedian sumber gas alam semakin menipis dan potensi cadangan batubara mencapai 37,6 miliar ton per Desember 2019. Batubara dapat dijadikan alternatif gas alam dan diproses menjadi berbagai produk, seperti metanol. Konsumsi metanol dalam negeri hingga 2020 hanya dipasok oleh produsen tunggal yaitu PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (KMI) dengan kapasitas 650.000 ton/tahun. Maka dari itu, pabrik metanol dari batubara kelas rendah ini didirikan dengan tujuan untuk membantu masalah tersebut, dimana pabrik ini akan dioperasikan secara kontinu 24 jam selama 330 hari per tahunnya dan berkapasitas produksi 640 KTPA. Dari kapasitas tersebut dibutuhkan bahan baku batubara sebesar 195 ton/jam; process water sebanyak 83.571,43 kg/jam; cooling water sebanyak 13.740.266,11 kg/jam; oksigen sebanyak 151.927,2 kg/jam; saturated steam sebanyak 189.059,05 kg/jam; superheated steam sebanyak 1.090.491,57 kg/jam. Selain itu, proses ini juga menghasilkan solid waste sebanyak 10.573,64 kg/jam; Waste water sebanyak 30.965,9 kg/jam; purge sebanyak 350.704,68 kg/jam; flare sebanyak 4.377,89 kg/jam; dengan kebutuhan daya listrik sebesar 44.440 kW. Pasokan bahan baku batubara berasal dari PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk. yang berada di Tanjung Enim, Sumatera Selatan. Pendirian pabrik metanol direncanakan di tahun 2022 dan dapat selesai tahun 2024. Proses produksi metanol dari batubara kelas rendah ini terdiri dari dua proses inti, antara lain : Gasifikasi (produksi syngas) dan Sintesa metanol. Dari perhitungan analisa ekonomi didapatkan laju pengembalian modal (IRR) pabrik metanol ini sebesar 26,8% dengan tingkat suku bunga bank 9,95% per tahun dan laju inflasi rata-rata 1,94% per tahun. Sementara itu, waktu pengembalian modal (POT) adalah 4 tahun 7 bulan dan titik impas (BEP) sebesar 32,23%. Untuk dapat memproduksi metanol grade AA dengan kapasitas 640.000 ton/tahun, dibutuhkan biaya produksi total per tahunnya sebanyak Rp. 3.488.925.879.353,62 dengan biaya investasi total (TCI) sebanyak Rp. 3.854.287.975.819,96 Jika dipertimbangkan dari aspek analisa ekonomi serta teknis, pabrik metanol dari batubara kelas rendah ini layak didirikan.
Keywords
Batubara; Distilasi; Gasifikasi; Lurgi, Metanol
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