Pra Rancangan Pabrik Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah Menggunakan Metode Transesterifikasi dengan Kapasitas 50.000 Ton/Tahun
Submission Date: 2021-08-19 12:19:52
Accepted Date: 2021-12-22 17:04:05
Abstract
Biodiesel merupakan alternatif dari bahan bakar fosil yang bersumber dari minyak nabati atau lemak hewani. Pengembangan biodiesel mengalami kendala diantaranya adalah tingginya harga bahan baku dan biaya produksi yang mengakibatkan harga jual biodiesel yang dihasilkan belum mampu bersaing dengan minyak diesel berbasis minyak bumi. Salah satu upaya dalam pencarian bahan baku yang ekonomis dengan menggunakan low cost feed stock contohnya minyak jelantah. Biodiesel dari minyak jelantah ini dipandang lebih ekonomis dari segi biaya bahan baku dibandingkan CPO, dan dapat memanfaatkan limbah rumah tangga sehingga mengurangi polusi di lingkungan. Terdapat 3 tahapan utama dalam proses pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah, antara lain tahap pre-treatment bahan baku, reaksi transesterifikasi dan pemurnian. Produksi diawali dengan tahap pre-tratment limbah minyak jelantah yaitu tahap degumming, bleaching, filter kotoran, evaporasi, reaksi esterifikasi dan penetralan. Selanjutnya dilakukan tahapan utama yaitu pembentukan biodiesel dengan reaksi transesterifikasi. Setelah itu dilakukan pemurnian produk dengan evaporasi biodiesel dan merecovery metanol dengan distilasi pada produk gliserol sehingga didapatkan produk utama biodiesel dan produk samping gliserol. Pembiayaan pabrik biodiesel dari minyak jelantah berasal dari 40% dana pribadi dan 60% pinjaman dari Bank. Dengan perincian analisa ekonomi sebagai berikut: Nilai Net Present Value positif dan nilai Internal rate of Return sebesar 26,98% dan bunga bank 12%, Pay Out Time dalam 4,3 tahun, dan Titik Impas sebesar 30,68%. Dilihat dari sensitivitas terhadap IRR, harga jual produk berpengaruh besar dalam nilai IRR.
Keywords
Biodiesel; Minyak Jelantah; Transesterifikasi
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