Pra-Desain Pabrik Bioetanol dari Jerami Padi
Submission Date: 2021-08-19 12:16:50
Accepted Date: 2021-12-22 12:46:56
Abstract
Bioetanol pada dasarnya merupakan etanol yang diproduksi dari biomassa. Bioetanol mudah untuk diproduksi dari bahan bergula, berpati dan berserat. Salah satu bahan pembuatan bioetanol adalah jerami padi. Jerami padi merupakan sumber biomasa yang mengandung banyak selulosa dan sedikit lignin, berpotensi sebagai bahan pembuatan bioetanol. Beberapa kelebihan dari bioetanol yaitu memiliki titik nyala yang lebih tinggi dibanding bensin, emisi hidrokarbon sedikit sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar yang aman. Proses pembuatan bioetanol dari jerami padi dengan proses fermentasi dibagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu Pre-Treatment dimana dalam proses ini lignin akan dilarutkan dengan NaOH 1% dan lignoselulosa dengan H2SO¬4, selanjutnya tahap Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) dimana proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi terjadi pada satu reaktor, enzim dan mikroorganisme disatukan, sehingga glukosa akan dengan cepat diubah menjadi etanol, dan terakhir distilasi untuk memurnikan etanol. Pabrik ini beroperasi secara kontinyu 24 jam selama 330 hari dengan kapasitas produksi 20.978 kL/tahun. Analisa perhitungan ekonomi didapatkan IRR 19,05%/tahun, Pay Out Time (POT) 5,02 tahun, dan Break Event Point (BEP) 27 %.
Keywords
Bioetanol; Biomassa; Fermentasi; Jerami Padi; Lignoselulosa
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