Kajian Penyisihan Amonia dalam Pengolahan Air Minum Konvensional
Submission Date: 2022-02-16 10:15:30
Accepted Date: 2022-08-29 16:27:00
Abstract
Kebutuhan air minum dipenuhi dengan pengolahan air minum menggunakan air baku berupa air permukaan dan air tanah. Salah satu pencemar utama air baku adalah amonia, yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah, baik bagi kehidupan perairan, kesehatan manusia, dan kinerja pengolahan air minum. Terdapat 5 teknologi pengolahan air yang dapat menyisihkan amonia secara efektif, yaitu: (1) proses biologis, (2) breakpoint chlorination (BPC), (3) filtrasi membran reverse osmosis (RO), (4) proses ion exchange (IE), dan (5) proses air stripping. Proses biologis dan BPC dinilai sebagai 2 teknologi paling efisien dalam penyisihan amonia dengan keefektifannya relatif tinggi dan biaya relatif murah. Proses RO dan IE dapat menyisihkan amonia dalam bentuk amonium secara efektif, tetapi butuh biaya lebih tinggi. Penyisihan amonia dengan proses air stripping efektif pada konsentrasi tinggi yang tidak ditemukan pada air baku. Penyisihan amonia pada pengolahan air minum konvensional dinilai tidak efektif. Koagulan bermuatan positif tidak bereaksi dengan amonia berbentuk amonium dan unit filtrasi konvensional dengan media inert utamanya menyisihkan partikel tersuspensi. Klorin dan ozon adalah 2 desinfektan yang dapat menyisihkan amonia, tetapi ozon bersifat tidak stabil sehingga jarang digunakan. Klorin dapat menyisihkan amonia secara efektif, tetapi dosis klorin berlebihan dapat membentuk produk sampingan desinfeksi yang berbahaya.
Keywords
Air Baku; Amonia; Biofiltrasi; Klorinasi; Pengolahan Air Minum Konvesional; Penyisihan Amonia
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