Kajian Literatur Enhanced Phytoremediation pada Lahan Tercemar Logam Berat Merkuri
Submission Date: 2022-07-27 15:19:18
Accepted Date: 2022-09-12 08:53:06
Abstract
Pertambangan emas skala kecil (PESK) merupakan salah satu sumber pencemar logam berat dengan konsentrasi merkuri yang tinggi. Logam berat dapat membahayakan makhluk hidup dan lingkungan di sekitarnya. Salah satu upaya untuk menurunkan konsentrasi pencemar logam berat merkuri pada tanah yaitu dengan fitoremediasi. Proses fitoremediasi dapat ditingkatkan dengan metode enhanced phytoremediation, salah satunya yaitu dengan penambahan rizobakteri (Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria - PGPR). Terdapat banyak jenis tumbuhan yang mampu meremediasi tanah tercemar logam berat merkuri, diantaranya Cyperus kyllingia atau rumput teki, Vetiveria zizanioides atau akar wangi, dan Lindernia crustacea atau kerak nasi. Selain itu penambahan bakteri PGPR berupa Pseudomonas sp. dan Bacillus sp. dapat meningkatkan proses reduksi logam berat merkuri dalam tanah dan membantu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tumbuhan fitoremediator. Konsentrasi rata-rata logam berat merkuri yang dihasilkan oleh PESK di Kulon Progo yaitu 22 mg/kg. Karakteristik tanah tercemar logam berat merkuri yaitu berwarna kuning hingga kecoklatan, memiliki nilai pH tanah asam hingga basa yaitu 4,6 – 8,02, memiliki kandungan C dan N yang rendah hingga sangat rendah, yaitu 0,22% - 1,34% untuk C, dan 0,001% - 0,23% untuk N, serta memiliki struktur tanah lanau dan berpasir atau lempung berpasir.
Keywords
Enhanced Phytoremediation; Fitoremediasi; Merkuri; PGPR; Rizobakteri
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