Penentuan Prioritas Ruang Terbuka Hijau berdasarkan Efek Urban Heat Island di Wilayah Surabaya Timu
Submission Date: 2018-07-26 08:28:04
Accepted Date: 2018-12-17 00:00:00
Abstract
Urban Heat Island menjadi fenomena yang mengaitkan antara kenaikan suhu permukaan dengan aktivitas manusia, yaitu pembangunan. Wilayah Surabaya Timur mengalami perkembangan pembangunan yang pesat dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Proyek infrastruktur MERR dan rencana JLLT yang ditargetkan selesai pada 2019 meningkatkan potensi konversi lahan non terbangun menjadi kawasan hunian, komersial, dan sebagainya. Wilayah Surabaya Timur mengalami kenaikan suhu maksimal dari 33,70C menjadi 340C dalam rentang waktu 2013-2016. Pemerintah Kota Surabaya berupaya untuk menyeimbangkan lingkungan dengan penyediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) agar dapat menurunkan suhu. Oleh karena itu diperlukan adanya penentuan penambahan RTH yang memperhatikan aspek fisik, biologis, dan sosial dilihat dari indeks kenyamanan, kerapatan vegetasi, dan kepadatan penduduk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan prioritas RTH sebagai penambahan luasan dari RTH eksisting di Wilayah Surabaya Timur yang dicapai melalui tahapan penelitian sebagai berikut : (1) Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penentuan prioritas RTH di Wilayah Surabaya Timur; (2) Menentukan prioritas RTH di Wilayah Surabaya Timur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penentuan prioritas RTH didasarkan pada overlay antara aspek biologis kerapatan vegetasi dari nilai NDVI, aspek fisik dari indeks kenyamanan THI, dan kepadatan penduduk. Prioritas RTH terdiri dari RTH eksisting dan rekomendasi penambahan RTH dilihat dari overlay skor 4 (moderate priority) dan skor 5 (high priority) di lahan non terbangun. Hasil penentuan prioritas RTH menunjukkan penambahan RTH dari RTH eksisting dilakukan pada 663,23 Ha tambak, 2,14 Ha tanah kosong, dan 129,30 Ha lahan pertanian. Arahan penambahan RTH dari prioritas RTH meningkatkan luasan RTH eksisting 783,06 Ha menjadi 1.577,73 Ha atau 16,18% dari total Wilayah Surabaya Timur.
Keywords
overlay; RTH; remote sensing; urban heat island
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