Potensi Metode Co-Composting pada Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Pelumas Bekas Menggunakan Sampah Organik Biodegradable
Submission Date: 2020-08-03 16:49:16
Accepted Date: 2021-02-01 10:30:36
Abstract
Perawatan mesin khususnya di bengkel menghasilkan pelumas bekas rentan mencemari perairan dan tanah. Metode co-composting dapat diaplikasikan sebagai teknik bioremediasi tanah tercemar pelumas bekas karena cukup murah dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk menentukan kemampuan metode co-composting dalam menyisihkan Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) pada tanah tercemar pelumas bekas dengan penambahan sampah organik biodegradable serta menentukan jenis sampah organik biodegradable yang menghasilkan efisiensi penyisihan TPH terbaik pada bioremediasi tanah tercemar pelumas bekas dengan metode co-composting. Proses co-composting berlangsung selama 30 hari dengan penambahan bioaktivator EM4 kecuali reaktor T100 (kontrol) dalam skala laboratorium. Penelitian ini menggunakan reaktor plastik tebal berdimensi 44 cm x 30 cm x 11 cm. Pelumas bekas didapat dari Bengkel Dasyi Surabaya. Tanah tercemar dibuat artifisial konsentrasi 10% (b/b). Variasi penelitian meliputi rasio komposisi campuran tanah tercemar dengan sampah organik (T/S) sebanyak 1 kg berat basah (100/0, 50/50; dan 75/25) dan jenis (sampah daun ranting, rumen sapi, dan campuran keduanya). Hasil analisis menggunakan gravimetri menunjukkan kadar TPH dalam tanah tercemar pelumas bekas mencapai 6,05%. Co-composting berjalan dengan baik ditandai dengan optimalnya faktor-faktor pendukung yaitu suhu, pH, kadar air diukur setiap 3 hari sekali dan C-Organik, N-Nitrat, N-Nitrit, TKN dalam rasio C/N dianalisis setiap 10 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian penyisihan kadar TPH terbaik ditemukan pada reaktor DR/RS50 (T/S: 50/50 dengan jenis sampah campuran sampah daun ranting dan rumen sapi lokal). TPH yang tersisihkan yaitu dari 4,79% sampai 3,06% dengan efisiensi penyisihan sebesar 36,16%. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Anova Two-way diketahui tidak ada pengaruh signifikan variasi jenis sampah organik, variasi komposisi tanah dan sampah serta interaksi kedua variasi terhadap tingkat penyisihan TPH (P>0,05).
Keywords
Bioremediasi; Co-composting; Sampah Daun Ranting; Sampah Rumen Sapi Lokal; Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH).
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