Kajian Fragmentasi Polypropylene Akibat Radiasi Sinar Ultraviolet dan Kecepatan Aliran Air
Submission Date: 2020-08-11 09:48:11
Accepted Date: 2021-01-25 18:56:27
Abstract
Plastik jenis polypropylene (PP) yang banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari telah menyebabkan pencemaran mikroplastik (MP) di badan air. MP dapat dihasilkan dari fragmentasi PP akibat radiasi sinar ultraviolet (UV) dan degradasi secara mekanik. Degradasi secara mekanik dapat diakibatkan oleh kecepatan aliran air dengan maupun tanpa adanya sedimen. Keberadaan MP di lingkungan perairan dapat berpotensi bahaya bagi biota akuatik hingga manusia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme fragmentasi PP akibat radiasi sinar UV dan kecepatan aliran air. Sumber yang digunakan dalam kajian ini berasal dari berbagai literatur ilmiah. Mekanisme fragmentasi PP diawali dengan abstraksi atom hidrogen tersier pada rantai PP akibat keberadaan oksigen dan energi dari cahaya UV melalui proses fotooksidasi. Hasil akhir dari proses fotooksidasi tersebut yakni terbentuknya gugus karbonil dan hidroksil pada rantai PP. Kedua gugus tersebut tidak stabil dan menyebabkan PP menjadi rapuh. PP yang rapuh tersebut rentan mengalami fragmentasi akibat degradasi mekanik oleh kecepatan aliran air. Hasil fragmentasi PP dapat dilihat dari perubahan fisik, kimia, maupun mekaniknya. Perubahan fisik ditunjukkan dari retakan yang muncul pada permukaan PP serta dapat diamati dari jumlah partikel MP yang dihasilkan. Perubahan kimia berdasarkan hasil analisis FTIR ditunjukkan dari puncak gugus karbonil dan hidroksil baru yang muncul pada spektra FTIR. Sedangkan perubahan mekanik ditunjukkan dari perubahan kekuatan tensil dan elongasi PP.
Keywords
Fragmentasi; Kecepatan Aliran Air; Mikroplastik; PP; Radiasi Sinar UV.
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