Kajian Pengaruh Penggunaan Biosurfaktan Rhamnolipida dan Surfaktin pada Proses Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Crude Oil
Submission Date: 2021-08-10 16:55:09
Accepted Date: 2021-12-22 16:59:19
Abstract
Kegiatan eksplorasi, transportasi dan pemurnian minyak dan gas memiliki potensi menimbulkan limbah yang berbahaya, salah satunya adalah crude oil. Lingkungan yang tercemar crude oil akan memiliki dampak serius terhadap tanah. Salah satu pencemaran tanah yang terjadi di Indonesia berada di pertambangan minyak bumi rakyat Desa Wonocolo, Kecamatan Kadewan, Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Desa Wonocolo sendiri merupakan desa dengan jumlah sumur dan produksi minyak terbanyak di kawasan tambang minyak bumi rakyat di Kecamatan Kedewan. Kondisi ini berpotensi mengakibatkan terjadinya pencemaran tanah oleh crude oil akibat kegiatan eksplorasi dan eksploitasi minyak bumi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh banyaknya tumpahan atau ceceran dari berbagai kegiatan tersebut secara terus menerus yang masih dilakukan dengan cara yang sangat sederhana, tradisional, dan tanpa teknik operasional yang baik. Bioremediasi merupakan salah satu metode alternatif yang potensial dalam mengolah tanah tercemar minyak mentah karena dinilai lebih murah dan ramah lingkungan. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja mikroba dalam proses bioremediasi adalah dengan menggunakan biosurfaktan. Biosurfaktan yang terbukti efektif dalam mengolah crude oil pada proses bioremediasi tanah tercemar adalah rhamnolipida dan surfaktin karena memiliki kemampuan dalam mendegradasi hidrokarbon.
Keywords
Bioremediasi Tanah; Biosurfaktan; Crude Oil; Rhamnolipida; Surfaktin
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