Pemilihan Jenis Reaktor pada Proses Mixed Acid Route di Pabrik Pupuk NPK
Submission Date: 2021-08-23 21:47:49
Accepted Date: 2021-12-22 17:04:36
Abstract
Seiring bertambahnya populasi negara, demikian pula jumlah kebutuhan pangan di dalam maupun luar negeri. Pertanian menjadi sektor yang sangat penting bagi negara agraris dalam menyediakan bahan pangan. Pertanian sangat erat hubungannya dengan media tanam. Media tanam yang optimal akan membantu tanaman dalam menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas dan mampu menghasilkan jumlah banyak. Beberapa hal yang dibutuhkan oleh media tanam agar optimal adalah perairan yang lancar, penyiangan, dan pemupukan. Pupuk mengambil peran penting sebagai penyedia unsur karbon, hidrogen, oksigen, nitrogen, kalium, kalsium, magnesium, dan unsur-unsur lain yang dibutuhkan tanaman agar tumbuh subur. Unsur N, P, dan K dapat didapatkan dari pupuk NPK. Pupuk NPK berbahan dasar NH3, H2SO4, dan H3PO4 serta bahan padat lain seperti KCl, Urea, ZA, MAP, dan DAP. Senyawa NH3, H2SO4, dan H3PO4 berbahan cair akan diolah terlebih dahulu dengan cara merekasikan ketiga senyawa tersebut dalam sebuah alat bernama reaktor pre-neutralizer. Suhu ammonia masuk sebesar 5°C, asam sulfat dan asam fosfat sebesar 30°C, sedangkan suhu slurry ZA dan MAP sebesar 120°C. Reaksi netralisasi Asam Sulfat menghasilkan slurry ZA dengan mole ratio N/S 1,8. Reaksi netralisasi selanjutnya yaitu asam fosfat menghasilkan slurry MAP dengan mole ratio N/P 0,9 dengan tujuan agar slurry tidak membubur karena semakin tinggi N/P maka slurry akan mengental/membubur sehingga menghambat pemompaan slurry ke granulator. Serta pH di jaga 2-3,5 agar tidak mudah kering. Kedua reaksi netralisasi tersebut berlangsung secara simultan. Maka dari itu diperlukan reaktor dalam keadaan steady state. Berdasarkan tinjauan kinetika didapatkan reaktor CSTR yang lebih sesuai untuk digunakan dalam proses reaksi netralisasi bila dibandingkan dengan reaktor plug flow.
Keywords
pupuk NPK; Reaksi Netralisasi; Reaktor
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