Perbandingan Volatilitas Saham dengan Menggunakan Metode EWMA, GARCH, dan EGARCH dalam Pembentukan Portofolio Optimal
Submission Date: 2023-07-28 11:51:04
Accepted Date: 2025-02-17 00:00:00
Abstract
Sebagai seorang investor tentunya mengharapkan keuntungan dalam berinvestasi. Salah satu investasi yang banyak digunakan oleh investor yaitu saham. Berinvestasi saham dapat menghasilkan tingkat pengembalian yang tinggi namun juga membawa risiko yang besar (high risk high return). Hal tersebut karena saham bersifat fluktuatif, artinya harga saham bisa naik dan bisa juga turun. Pergerakan harga saham dapat diukur dengan mencari nilai volatilitas harga saham. Saham yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu indeks LQ45 periode 4 Februari 2020 - 27 Januari 2023, yaitu sebanyak 30 saham. Dalam mencari nilai volatilitas dapat menggunakan metode Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) dan metode Generalized Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH). Pada penelitian ini, jika nilai volatilitas memberikan efek asimetris, maka akan digunakan model GARCH asimetris yaitu model Exponential GARCH (EGARCH). Selain mengukur pergerakan harga saham, investor perlu melakukan optimalisasi portofolio. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk meminimalisir risiko serta mendapatkan return yang optimal. Pembentukan portofolio optimal dilakukan dengan membentuk matriks variance-covariance dan dipilih berdasarkan slope Capital Allocation Line (CAL) tertinggi. Selanjutnya, akan dilakukan analisis value at risk menggunakan Mean Variance Efficient Portofolio (MVEP) dan terakhir akan dilakukan evaluasi kinerja portofolio dari portofolio optimal yang terbentuk. Evaluasi kinerja portofolio pada penelitian ini menggunakan tiga indeks, yaitu indeks sharpe, indeks treynor, dan juga indeks jensen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risk dan return lebih baik dengan metode EWMA dengan nilai expected return portofolio sebesar 0,000653755. Kinerja portofolio optimal yang terbentuk dengan metode EWMA lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode GARCH dan EGARCH dengan nilai indeks sharpe sebesar 0,013673512, indeks treynor sebesar 0,000573522, dan indeks jensen sebesar 0,000380382. Risiko pasar portofolio optimal yang terbentuk lebih baik menggunakan metode GARCH dengan nilai sebesar Rp26.905.896.
Keywords
EGARCH; EWMA; GARCH; Portofolio Optimal; Volatilitas
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