Pengukuran Value at Risk pada Portofolio Saham Optimal Menggunakan Copula-GARCH dengan Pendekatan Single Index Model
Submission Date: 2022-07-24 11:39:29
Accepted Date: 2023-04-04 00:00:00
Abstract
Investasi merupakan penanaman uang atau modal dalam suatu perusahaan atau proyek guna memperoleh keuntungan. Diantara sekian banyak sekuritas yang ada, saham menjadi sekuritas yang mengalami kenaikan jumlah investor secara signifikan karena dapat memberikan keuntungan yang cukup besar. Dibalik keuntungan yang besar, terdapat risiko yang harus dihadapi oleh investor. Sehingga, investor perlu menerapkan strategi yang dapat meminimalkan risiko serta mengukur risiko pada portofolio. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan diversifikasi dan estimasi risiko dengan menggunakan pendekatan Single Index Model, Copula-GARCH, dan Value at Risk. Data yang digunakan adalah data harga penutupan saham bulanan pada saham yang terdaftar pada LQ45 selama periode 1 Desember 2010 hingga 31 Desember 2021. Berdasarkan metode Single Index Model, didapatkan tujuh saham yang masuk dalam portofolio optimal yang terdiri atas saham BBCA (10,48%), BBNI (4,22%), BBRI (24,88%), BBTN (2,41%), BMRI (8,53%), KLBF (21,90%), dan TLKM (27,58%). Setelah itu dilakukan pemodelan Copula-GARCH pada harga penutupan saham bulanan menggunakan lima jenis copula yang terdiri atas Copula Normal, Student-t, Gumbel, Frank, dan Clayton. Didapatkan model copula terbaik untuk ketujuh saham yaitu Copula Student-t dengan nilai maximum log-likelihood sebesar 92,42. Hasil estimasi Value at Risk pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% menggunakan simulasi Monte Carlo berdasarkan model Copula Student-t menunjukkan angka kerugian maksimum sebesar 0,0439. Hal ini berarti bahwa kemungkinan kerugian yang dihadapi investor tidak akan melebihi 0,0439 bagian dari modal investasi. Semakin besar tingkat kepercayaan yang digunakan, maka semakin besar pula nilai Value at Risk.
Keywords
Copula; GARCH; Portofolio; Single Index Model; Value at Risk
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