Pemodelan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia dengan Metode Regresi Panel di Jawa Timur
Submission Date: 2022-07-30 15:00:15
Accepted Date: 2023-05-01 00:00:00
Abstract
Ukuran kualitas manusia salah satunya dapat dilihat dari nilai Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). IPM merupakan indikator komposit untuk mengukur capaian pembangunan kualitas hidup manusia. Indeks ini terbentuk dari rata-rata ukur capaian tiga dimensi utama pembangunan manusia, yaitu umur panjang dan hidup sehat, pengetahuan, dan standar hidup layak. Dalam penelitian ini akan menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap IPM Jawa Timur 2017-2020. Dilihat dari nilai IPM yang terus meningkat setiap tahun diduga terdapat efek waktu dalam perhitungannya, oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini digunakan metode regresi panel yang merupakan gabungan dari data cross-section dan time series. Selain mendapatkan model regresi panel IPM, akan dianalisis pula karakteristik IPM dan faktor yang diduga memengaruhi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistika deskriptif IPM Jawa Timur, sejak tahun 2017 Jawa Timur telah mencapai IPM sebagai kategori tinggi, yaitu lebih dari 70. Di lain sisi, jika dianalisis lebih lanjut, ada daerah yang berdekatan yang memiliki nilai IPM dengan kategori sedang. Utamanya di Pulau Madura yang menjadi bagian dari Provinsi Jawa Timur. Hasil estimasi dari regresi panel memberikan model terbaik, yaitu Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dan telah diatasi kasus heteroskedastisitas dengan metode white. Dari FEM white cross section didapatkan empat variabel yang signifikan, yaitu rasio siswa-guru SMA/SLTA, TPT, persentase penduduk miskin, dan laju PDRB ADHK dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 99,72%.
Keywords
IPM; Jawa Timur; Panel; Regresi
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