Pemodelan Risiko Gempa Bumi di Pulau Sumatera Menggunakan Model Inhomogeneous Neyman-Scott Cox Process
Submission Date: 2020-07-27 11:54:47
Accepted Date: 2021-02-03 09:25:43
Abstract
Kondisi geografis Indonesia yang berada pada jalur sirkum pasifik dan terletak diantara pertemuan tiga lempeng tektonik menjadikan Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara dengan tingkat risiko gempa yang tinggi. Salah satu wilayah rawan gempa di Indonesia adalah pulau Sumatera karena kondisi geografisnya yang dilalui oleh sesar, zona subduksi, dan gunung berapi. Pada penelitian ini, kejadian gempa di pulau Sumatera dimodelkan dengan inhomogeneous Neyman-Scott Cox Process karena proses terjadinya gempa bumi seacara umum diawali dengan gempa utama dan diikuti oleh gempa susulan, sehingga persebaran titik gempa di pulau Sumatera cenderung mengelompok di wilayah tertentu. Selain itu, terdapat kecenderungan bahwa gempa bumi terjadi di daerah yang dekat dengan gunung berapi, zona subduksi, dan sesar aktif. Hasil eksplorasi data menunjukkan bahwa data gempa bumi di pulau Sumatera tidak homogen yang dimungkinkan karena faktor geologis di pulau Sumatera seperti keberadaan gunung berapi, zona subduksi, dan sesar aktif. Selain itu, analisis menggunakan K-function menunjukkan bahwa pola persebaran gempa bumi di Sumatera cenderung membentuk cluster. Pemodelan kejadian gempa dengan inhomogeneous Neyman-Scott Cox Process menunjukkan faktor jarak subduksi dan sesar secara signifikan mempengaruhi risiko terjadinya gempa. Jika jarak suatu lokasi mendekat sejauh 100 km ke zona subduksi, maka risiko terjadinya gempa di sekitar lokasi tersebut meningkat sebesar 1.9 kali sedangkan jika jarak suatu lokasi ke sesar mendekat sejauh 100 km, maka risiko terjadinya gempa di sekitar lokasi tersebut meningkat sebesar 1.7 kali. Validasi model dengan plot envelope K-function menunjukkan bahwa inhomogeneous Neyman-Scott Cox Process baik digunakan untuk memodelkan data gempa di pulau Sumatera selama periode 2009-2018 dengan magnitudo ≥ 4.
Keywords
Cluster;Cox Process;Gunung Berapi;Sesar;Zona Subduksi.
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